A study has revealed that AI can be used to detect cancer from mammogram screenings and could improve efficiencies and reduce workloads for health workers.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is the most common aggressive lymphoma in children. Chemotherapy and radiation fail to cure about 30% of cases. When tumors are driven by the oncogene ALK—which is the case for the majority of children—kinase inhibitor drugs like crizotinib are very effective in blocking tumor growth. They also lack the serious side effects of chemotherapy.
However, ALK inhibitors also very expensive—about $80,000 a year—and must be taken for a lifetime. As soon as they’re stopped, the lymphoma comes back. Roberto Chiarle, MD, a hematopathologist and researcher at Boston Children’s Hospital, wanted to know why.
“ALK inhibitors can control the lymphoma, but you cannot reach a cure,” he says. “Why do lymphoma cells persist for so long?”
Scientists have shown that a protein called NLRP11 has an essential role in the immune system; it alerts the body that a bacterial infection is occurring, triggering an immune response that battles the bacterial invader. NLRP11 appears to identify bacteria that are taken up by immune cells called macrophages, by recognizing a part of the bacterial coat. These findings have provided new insights into our understanding of the immune response to bacterial infection, and have been reported in Science Immunology.
The NLRP11 protein is expressed by humans, but not mice, which are a common animal model for infection. In this study, the researchers overcame that gap by using a mouse model that expressed a so-called humanized immune system. Humanized mice have been grafted with human cells and tissues so they replicate human biological functions more accurately.
Now, his team is cautioning other health care providers to be on the lookout for similar cases in the area.
According a research letter published by Nathoo and his colleagues in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases, Central Florida has reported among the highest rates of leprosy in the United States.
In 2,020,159 cases were reported nationwide, compared with 200,000 new cases each year around the world, according to the World Health Organization. The new letter says Central Florida accounted for 81% of cases in Florida and nearly 1 out of 5 leprosy cases nationwide.
In an astounding medical first, researchers have used AI-powered brain implants to restore movement and sensation for a man who was paralyzed from the chest down.
Keith Thomas, 45, became a quadriplegic after a tragic diving accident damaged his C4 and C5 vertebrae in 2020. But thanks to pioneering work by scientists at Northwell Health’s Feinstein Institutes, Thomas can now move his arm simply by thinking about it. Even more remarkably, he can feel the touch of a hand for the first time in three years.
Advanced technology made the impossible possible after a double neural bypass changed the life of a paralyzed patient.
At Prenuvo, we provide whole body, radiation-free MRI scans in order for our patients to focus on early detection of over 500 cancers and diseases.
A pioneering dental medicine project in Japan is making strides toward clinical trials, with the aim of becoming the world’s first tooth-regrowing treatment, according to the country’s national news site Mainichi.
The upcoming trial will be focused on patients affected by anodontia, a genetic condition characterized by the absence of teeth, or partial anodontia, where people are missing some teeth, as described by the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD).
Clinical trials are scheduled to begin next July in Japan. If successful, regulatory approval for the tooth-regrowing medicine is anticipated by 2030, potentially heralding groundbreaking advancements in dentistry.
Antiviral therapies are notoriously difficult to develop, as viruses can quickly mutate to become resistant to drugs, or hide within cells. Researchers at NYU have now developed a new approach to antiviral treatment that ignores the fast-mutating proteins on the surface of viruses and instead targets lipids in the membranes of enveloped viruses, which disrupts their protective layers. In a newly published study the researchers showed how these novel peptoid molecules, inspired by the immune system, could inactivate several viruses, including Zika and chikungunya. The team suggests their approach may not only lead to drugs that can be used against many viruses, but could also help overcome antiviral resistance.
“We found an Achilles heel of many viruses: their bubble-like membranes,” said Kent Kirshenbaum, PhD, professor of chemistry at NYU. “Exploiting this vulnerability and disrupting the membrane is a promising mechanism of action for developing new antivirals.” Kirshenbaum is senior author of the team’s published paper in ACS Infectious Diseases, which is titled “Peptidomimetic Oligomers Targeting Membrane Phosphatidylserine Exhibit Broad Antiviral Activity.”
Continue reading “Antiviral Peptoids Target Lipid to Burst Bubble-Like Membranes” »
As we age, our bodies undergo various changes that can impact our overall health and make us more susceptible to diseases. One common factor in the aging process is low-grade inflammation, which contributes to age-related decline and impairment. However, the precise pathways responsible for this inflammation and their impact on natural aging have remained elusive until now.
A new study led by Andrea Ablasser at EPFL now shows that a molecular signaling pathway called cGAS/STING plays a critical role in driving chronic inflammation and functional decline during aging. By blocking the STING protein, the researchers were able to suppress inflammatory responses in senescent cells and tissues, leading to improvements in tissue function.
The findings are published in the journal Nature.
Microorganisms leverage the CRISPR-Cas system as a defense mechanism against viral intrusions. In the realm of genetic engineering, this microbial immune system is repurposed for the targeted modification of the genetic makeup.
Under the leadership of Professor Dr. Alexander Probst, microbiologist at the Research Center One Health Ruhr at the Research Alliance Ruhr a research team has now discovered another function of this specialised genomic sequence: archaea – microorganisms that are often very similar to bacteria in appearance – also use them to fight parasites.
The team has recently published their findings in Nature Microbiology.
