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May 14, 2024

Scientists help unravel life’s cosmic beginnings

Posted by in category: futurism

Knowledge about the early forms of life in the universe that may have led to the development of life on Earth remains largely unknown. However, a group of scientists at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa are attempting to change that.

May 14, 2024

Eyes of tomorrow: Smart contact lenses lead the way for human-machine interaction

Posted by in category: robotics/AI

A portable sweeping frequency reader was kept nearby to record and analyze the signals from the RF tags (it serves as the machine part of HMI).

The researchers demonstrated that their smart contact lenses can detect gazing directions and real-time gazing points, which could be used for robot control and software interaction.

Continue reading “Eyes of tomorrow: Smart contact lenses lead the way for human-machine interaction” »

May 14, 2024

Anticipating future discoveries: Scientists explore nontrivial cosmic topology

Posted by in category: space travel

We generally assume that when humans are walking or otherwise moving in space, their head faces towards the direction they are traveling in. Nonetheless, travel direction and head direction are distinct factors associated with the processing of different types of spatial information.

May 14, 2024

New surface acoustic wave techniques could lead to surfing a quantum internet

Posted by in categories: internet, quantum physics

Researchers at the University of Rochester have used surface acoustic waves to overcome a significant obstacle in the quest to realize a quantum internet.

May 14, 2024

Bionanomachine Breakthrough: A Master Key for Sustainable Chemistry

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, chemistry, nanotechnology

Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) have for the first time precisely characterized the enzyme styrene oxide isomerase, which can be used to produce valuable chemicals and drug precursors in an environmentally friendly manner. The study appears today in the journal Nature Chemistry.

Enzymes are powerful biomolecules that can be used to produce many substances at ambient conditions. They enable “green” chemistry, which reduces environmental pollution resulting from processes used in synthetic chemistry. One such tool from nature has now been characterized in detail by PSI researchers: the enzyme styrene oxide isomerase. It is the biological version of the Meinwald reaction, an important chemical reaction in organic chemistry.

“The enzyme, discovered decades ago, is made by bacteria,” says Richard Kammerer of PSI’s Biomolecular Research Laboratory. His colleague Xiaodan Li adds: “But because the way it functions was not known, its practical application has been limited up to now.” The two researchers and their team have elucidated the structure of the enzyme as well as the way it works.

May 14, 2024

Harvard and Google Neuroscience Breakthrough: Intricately Detailed 1,400 Terabyte 3D Brain Map

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, computing, neuroscience

A collaborative effort between Harvard and Google has led to a breakthrough in brain science, producing an extensive 3D map of a tiny segment of human brain, revealing complex neural interactions and laying the groundwork for mapping an entire mouse brain.

A cubic millimeter of brain tissue may not sound like much. But considering that tiny square contains 57,000 cells, 230 millimeters of blood vessels, and 150 million synapses, all amounting to 1,400 terabytes of data, Harvard and Google researchers have just accomplished something enormous.

A Harvard team led by Jeff Lichtman, the Jeremy R. Knowles Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and newly appointed dean of science, has co-created with Google researchers the largest synaptic-resolution, 3D reconstruction of a piece of human brain to date, showing in vivid detail each cell and its web of neural connections in a piece of human temporal cortex about half the size of a rice grain.

May 14, 2024

Lunar Gateway’s Revolutionary Powerhouse: Unveiling High-Tech Power and Propulsion Element

Posted by in categories: solar power, space travel

NASA ’s upcoming Gateway space station, set to orbit the Moon, will rely heavily on its Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) for energy and maintaining its orbit. Currently under development with Maxar Technologies, the PPE uses solar electric propulsion to efficiently power the station. This system, designed to significantly reduce the need for propellant, will be integrated with Gateway’s habitation module and launched to support deep space exploration and future Artemis missions to Mars.

As astronauts live and work on Gateway to enable sustained exploration and research in deep space, their efforts will be made possible by Gateway’s Power and Propulsion Element (PPE). A foundational component of the lunar outpost and the most powerful solar electric spacecraft ever flown, PPE will provide Gateway with power and allow it to maintain its unique orbit around the Moon.

Gateway will be humanity’s first space station in lunar orbit and serve as an essential element of NASA’s Artemis missions. As astronauts live and work on Gateway to enable sustained exploration and research in deep space, their efforts will be made possible by the Power and Propulsion Element (PPE). A foundational component of the lunar outpost and the most powerful solar electric spacecraft ever flown, PPE will provide Gateway with power and allow it to maintain its unique orbit around the Moon.

May 14, 2024

XMM-Newton’s Stunning X-Ray Vision Unmasks Mysterious Cosmic Structure

Posted by in category: cosmology

New observations reveal that X-ray emissions from the Cloverleaf odd radio circle are linked to merging galaxy groups, offering new insights into these mysterious cosmic structures.

Astronomers have discovered enormous circular radio features of unknown origin around some galaxies. Now, new observations of one dubbed the Cloverleaf suggest it was created by clashing groups of galaxies.

Studying these structures, collectively called ORCs (odd radio circles), in a different kind of light offered scientists a chance to probe everything from supersonic shock waves to black hole behavior.

May 14, 2024

Quantum Mystery Solved — Scientists Shed Light on Perplexing High-Temperature Superconductors

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, quantum physics

Flatiron Institute senior research scientist Shiwei Zhang and his team have utilized the Hubbard model to computationally re-create key features of the superconductivity in materials called cuprates that have puzzled scientists for decades.

Superfast hovering trains, long-distance power transmission without energy loss, and quicker MRI scanners — all these incredible technological innovations could be within reach if we could develop a material that conducts electricity without any resistance, or “superconducts,” at approximately room temperature.

In a paper recently published in the journal Science, researchers report a breakthrough in our understanding of the origins of superconductivity at relatively high (though still frigid) temperatures. The findings concern a class of superconductors that has puzzled scientists since 1986, called ‘cuprates.’

May 14, 2024

Revolutionizing Photonics: Lithium Tantalate Powers Next-Gen Optical Circuits

Posted by in category: computing

New photonic integrated circuit technology based on lithium tantalate improves cost-efficiency and scalability, making significant advancements in optical communications and computing.

Optical communications and computing systems have been revolutionized by the rapid advancement in photonic integrated circuits (PICs), which combine multiple optical devices and functionalities on a single chip.

For decades, silicon-based PICs have dominated the field due to their cost-effectiveness and their integration with existing semiconductor manufacturing technologies, despite their limitations with regard to their electro-optical modulation bandwidth. Nevertheless, silicon-on-insulator optical transceiver chips were successfully commercialized, driving information traffic through millions of glass fibers in modern data centers.

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