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All strength-duration curves expectedly climbed as pulse duration decreased (Fig. 9 A). The nerve stimulation thresholds rose much faster (similar to findings with H-FIRE17), thereby decreasing the ratio of cell killing and excitation thresholds for shorter pulses (Fig. 9 B). Nanosecond pulses showed a profound and unequivocal advantage over conventional 100-µs pulses: The ratio of cell killing and excitation thresholds dropped from as high as 500 for unipolar 100-µs pulses to 13 for unipolar 150-ns pulses. Engaging bipolar cancellation further decreased this ratio to only 4 for bipolar 150 ns pulses (Fig. 9 B). Thus, bipolar nanosecond pulses are the best choice for the reduction of neuromuscular stimulation from PEF ablation.
The stimulation boundaries for ablation with different pulse durations and shapes are illustrated by a hypothetical example in Fig. 10. Based on data in Fig. 9 and numerical simulations of the electric field distribution, we explored how far electrostimulation will reach from an ablation area. A tumor 0.7 cm in diameter was placed between two needle electrodes (0.5-cm diameter, 1.7-cm center-to-center distance) for ablation by PEF, and 300 pulses were delivered at the minimum amplitude needed for tumor ablation. Nerve stimulation occurred within a range of about 2 cm for bipolar 200-ns pulses, but as far as 20 cm away for unipolar 100-µs pulses.
The Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA) has hit its’ lowest water level in recorded history.
This Lake is what survives from Lake Bonneville.
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg failed to anticipate a newer trend in social networking that contributed to the success of rival TikTok.
In an interview published Wednesday in analyst Ben Thompson’s Statechery newsletter, the Facebook founder said he “sort of missed” a newer way that people “interact with discovered content” via social networking services. People are increasingly using their social networking “feeds” to discover compelling content as opposed to viewing the media shared by the friends that they follow, he explained.
Although people still interact with content that their friends share in their feeds, the overall social networking trend has “by and large shifted to you use your feed to discover content, you find things that are interesting, you send them to your friends in messages and you interact there,” Zuckerberg said.
Why Did Humans—But Not Other Great Apes—Become Technologically Advanced? They Learned To Cooperate, posted on Big Think, direct link at.
Posted on Big Think.
The U.S. move to protect the semiconductor industry continues apace. This Tuesday, the Commerce Department ordered a ban on selling high-tech equipment to large Chinese semiconductor companies such as Yangtze River Storage, Changxin Storage, SMIC, and others. In addition, foreign residents in the United States will not be allowed to work for Chinese companies without special permission. Experts and analysts said these measures could severely damage China’s semiconductor industry.
#ChinaRevealed #ChinaNews
