{"id":97256,"date":"2019-10-09T15:03:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-09T22:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2019\/10\/flight-of-an-aeroplane-with-solid-state-propulsion"},"modified":"2019-10-09T15:03:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-09T22:03:24","slug":"flight-of-an-aeroplane-with-solid-state-propulsion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2019\/10\/flight-of-an-aeroplane-with-solid-state-propulsion","title":{"rendered":"Flight of an aeroplane with solid-state propulsion"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/flight-of-an-aeroplane-with-solid-state-propulsion.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Circa 2018<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>Since the first aeroplane flight more than 100 years ago, aeroplanes have been propelled using moving surfaces such as propellers and turbines. Most have been powered by fossil-fuel combustion. Electroaerodynamics, in which electrical forces accelerate ions in a fluid<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" title=\"Chattock, A. P., Walker, W. E. & Dixon, E. H. IV. On the specific velocities of ions in the discharge from points. Phil. Mag. 1, 79\u201398 (1901).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR1\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e441\">1<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" title=\"Stuetzer, O. M. Ion-drag pumps. J. Appl. Phys. 31, 136\u2013146 (1960).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR2\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e444\">2<\/a><\/sup>, has been proposed as an alternative method of propelling aeroplanes\u2014without moving parts, nearly silently and without combustion emissions<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Christenson, E. A. & Moller, P. S. Ion-neutral propulsion in atmospheric media. AIAA J. 5, 1768\u20131773 (1967).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR3\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e448\">3<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Wilson, J., Perkins, H. D. & Thompson, W. K. An Investigation Of Ionic Wind Propulsion. Report No. NASA\/TM 2009\u2013215822 (NASA, 2009).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR4\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e448_1\">4<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Masuyama, K. & Barrett, S. R. H. On the performance of electrohydrodynamic propulsion. Proc. R. Soc. A 469, 20120623 (2013).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR5\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e448_2\">5<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" title=\"Monrolin, N., Ploourabou\u00e9, F. & Praud, O. Electrohydrodynamic thrust for in-atmosphere propulsion. AIAA J. 55, 4296\u20134305 (2017).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR6\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e451\">6<\/a><\/sup>. However, no aeroplane with such a solid-state propulsion system has yet flown. Here we demonstrate that a solid-state propulsion system can sustain powered flight, by designing and flying an electroaerodynamically propelled heavier-than-air aeroplane. We flew a fixed-wing aeroplane with a five-metre wingspan ten times and showed that it achieved steady-level flight. All batteries and power systems, including a specifically developed ultralight high-voltage (40-kilovolt) power converter, were carried on-board. We show that conventionally accepted limitations in thrust-to-power ratio and thrust density<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" title=\"Wilson, J., Perkins, H. D. & Thompson, W. K. An Investigation Of Ionic Wind Propulsion. Report No. NASA\/TM 2009\u2013215822 (NASA, 2009).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR4\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e455\">4<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" title=\"Monrolin, N., Ploourabou\u00e9, F. & Praud, O. Electrohydrodynamic thrust for in-atmosphere propulsion. AIAA J. 55, 4296\u20134305 (2017).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR6\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e458\">6<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\" title=\"Gilmore, C. K. & Barrett, S. R. H. Electrohydrodynamic thrust density using positive corona-induced ionic winds for in-atmosphere propulsion. Proc. R. Soc. A 471, 20140912 (2015).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0707-9#ref-CR7\" id=\"ref-link-section-d150020e461\">7<\/a><\/sup>, which were previously thought to make electroaerodynamics unfeasible as a method of aeroplane propulsion, are surmountable. We provide a proof of concept for electroaerodynamic aeroplane propulsion, opening up possibilities for aircraft and aerodynamic devices that are quieter, mechanically simpler and do not emit combustion emissions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Circa 2018 Since the first aeroplane flight more than 100 years ago, aeroplanes have been propelled using moving surfaces such as propellers and turbines. Most have been powered by fossil-fuel combustion. Electroaerodynamics, in which electrical forces accelerate ions in a fluid1,2, has been proposed as an alternative method of propelling aeroplanes\u2014without moving parts, nearly silently [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":513,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1497,1491],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energy","category-transportation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/513"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97256"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97256\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}