{"id":70946,"date":"2017-07-17T02:03:03","date_gmt":"2017-07-17T09:03:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2017\/07\/quantum-back-action-evading-measurement-of-motion-in-a-negative-mass-reference-frame"},"modified":"2017-07-22T00:01:20","modified_gmt":"2017-07-22T07:01:20","slug":"quantum-back-action-evading-measurement-of-motion-in-a-negative-mass-reference-frame","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2017\/07\/quantum-back-action-evading-measurement-of-motion-in-a-negative-mass-reference-frame","title":{"rendered":"Quantum back-action-evading measurement of motion in a negative mass reference frame"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/quantum-back-action-evading-measurement-of-motion-in-a-negative-mass-reference-frame2.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Interesting\u2026<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>Quantum mechanics dictates that a continuous measurement of the position of an object imposes a random quantum back-action (QBA) perturbation on its momentum. This randomness translates with time into position uncertainty, thus leading to the well known uncertainty on the measurement of motion<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref1\" title=\"Caves, C. M., Thorne, K. S., Drever, R. W. P., Sandberg, V. D. & Zimmermann, M. On the measurement of a weak classical force coupled to a quantum-mechanical oscillator. I. Issues of principle. Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 341\u2013392 (1980)\" id=\"ref-link-1\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref2\" title=\"Braginsky, V. B., Vorontsov, Y. I. & Thorne, K. S. Quantum nondemolition measurements. Science 209, 547\u2013557 (1980)\" id=\"ref-link-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. As a consequence of this randomness, and in accordance with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the QBA<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref3\" title=\"Purdy, T. P., Peterson, R. W. & Regal, C. A. Observation of radiation pressure shot noise on a macroscopic object. Science 339, 801\u2013804 (2013)\" id=\"ref-link-3\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref4\" title=\"Spethmann, N., Kohler, J., Schreppler, S., Buchmann, L. & Stamper-Kurn, D. M. Cavity-mediated coupling of mechanical oscillators limited by quantum back-action. Nat. Phys. 12, 27\u201331 (2016)\" id=\"ref-link-4\">4<\/a><\/sup> puts a limitation\u2014the so-called standard quantum limit\u2014on the precision of sensing of position, velocity and acceleration. Here we show that QBA on a macroscopic mechanical oscillator can be evaded if the measurement of motion is conducted in the reference frame of an atomic spin oscillator<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref6\" title=\"Polzik, E. S. & Hammerer, K. Trajectories without quantum uncertainties. Ann. Phys. 527, A15\u2013A20 (2015)\" id=\"ref-link-6\">6<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref7\" title=\"Hammerer, K., Aspelmeyer, M., Polzik, E. S. & Zoller, P. Establishing Einstein-Poldosky-Rosen channels between nanomechanics and atomic ensembles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 020501 (2009)\" id=\"ref-link-7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. The collective quantum measurement on this hybrid system of two distant and disparate oscillators is performed with light. The mechanical oscillator is a vibrational \u2018drum\u2019 mode of a millimetre-sized dielectric membrane, and the spin oscillator is an atomic ensemble in a magnetic field<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref9\" title=\"Hammerer, K., S\u00f8rensen, A. S. & Polzik, E. S. Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1041\u20131093 (2010)\" id=\"ref-link-9\">9<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html#ref10\" title=\"Vasilakis, G. et al. Generation of a squeezed state of an oscillator by stroboscopic back-action-evading measurement. Nat. Phys. 11, 389\u2013392 (2015)\" id=\"ref-link-10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. The spin oriented along the field corresponds to an energetically inverted spin population and realizes a negative-effective-mass oscillator, while the opposite orientation corresponds to an oscillator with positive effective mass. The QBA is suppressed by \u22121.8 decibels in the negative-mass setting and enhanced by 2.4 decibels in the positive-mass case. This hybrid quantum system paves the way to entanglement generation and distant quantum communication between mechanical and spin systems and to sensing of force, motion and gravity beyond the standard quantum limit.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html\">http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v547\/n7662\/full\/nature22980.html<\/a> --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Interesting\u2026 Quantum mechanics dictates that a continuous measurement of the position of an object imposes a random quantum back-action (QBA) perturbation on its momentum. This randomness translates with time into position uncertainty, thus leading to the well known uncertainty on the measurement of motion1, 2. As a consequence of this randomness, and in accordance with [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":387,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1617],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quantum-physics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/387"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70946"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71182,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70946\/revisions\/71182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}