{"id":34460,"date":"2017-02-12T10:05:03","date_gmt":"2017-02-12T18:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/?p=34460"},"modified":"2017-04-24T18:52:49","modified_gmt":"2017-04-25T01:52:49","slug":"distributed-objective-consensus-beyond-pow-pos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2017\/02\/distributed-objective-consensus-beyond-pow-pos","title":{"rendered":"Distributed Objective Consensus: Beyond POW &amp; POS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>At the heart of Bitcoin or any Blockchain ledger is a distributed consensus mechanism. It\u2019s a lot like voting. A large and diverse deliberative community validates each, individual user transaction, ownership stake or vote.<\/p>\n<p>But a distributed consensus mechanism is only effective and faithful if the community is impartial. To be impartial, voters must be fairly separated. That is, there must be no collusion enabled by concentration or hidden collaboration. They must be separated from the buyer and seller; they must be separated from the big stakeholders; and they must be separated from each other. Without believable and measurable separation, all sorts of problems ensue. One problem that has made news in the Bitcoin word is the geographical concentration of miners and mining pools.<\/p>\n<p>A distributed or decentralized transaction validation is typically achieved based on Proof-of-Work (POW) or Proof-of-Stake (POS). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptocoinsnews.com\/bitcoins-future-proof-of-stake-vs-proof-of-work\/\">explain<\/a>]. But in practice, these methodologies exhibit subtle problems\u2026<\/p>\n<p>The problem is that Proof-of-Work can waste an enormous amount of energy and both techniques result in a concentration of power (either by geography or by special interest) \u2014 rather than a fair, distributed consensus.<\/p>\n<p>In a quasi-formal paper, C.V. Alkan describes a fresh approach to Blockchain consensus. that he calls <a href=\"https:\/\/hackernoon.com\/decentralized-objective-consensus-without-proof-of-work-a983a0489f0a#.5b28e2z5x\">Distributed Objective Consensus<\/a>. As you try to absorb his mechanism, you encounter concepts of Sybil attacks, minting inequality, the \u201cnothing-at-stake\u201d <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4665\" src=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/distributed-objective-consensus-beyond-pow-pos.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" \/>problem, punishment schemes and heartbeat transactions. Could Alkan\u2019s distributed consensus mechanism be too complex for the public to understand or use?\u2026<\/p>\n<p>While I have a concern that time stamps and parent-child schemes may degrade user anonymity, the complexity doesn\u2019t concern me. Alkan\u2019s paper is a technical proposal for magic under the covers. Properly implemented, a buyer and seller (and even a miner) needn\u2019t fully understand the science. The user interface to their wallet or financial statement would certainly be shielded from the underlying mechanics.<\/p>\n<p>Put another way: You would not expect a user to understand the mechanism any more than an airline passenger understands the combustion process inside a jet engine. They only want to know:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em>\u2022 Does it work? \u2022 Is it safe? \u2022 Is it cost effective? \u2022 Will I get there on time?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>So will Alkan\u2019s <em>Decentralized Objective Consensus<\/em> solve the resource and concentration problems that creep into POW and POS? Perhaps. At first glance, his <a href=\"https:\/\/hackernoon.com\/decentralized-objective-consensus-without-proof-of-work-a983a0489f0a#.5b28e2z5x\">technical presentation<\/a> appears promising. I will return to explore the impact on privacy and anonymity, which is my personal hot button. It is a critical component for long term success of any coin transaction system built on distributed consensus. That is, forensic access and analysis of a wallet or transaction audit trail must be impossible without the consent and participation of at least one party to a transaction.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><sub>Philip Raymond co-chairs <a href=\"http:\/\/crypsa.org\/\">CRYPSA<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/workshop.crypsa.org\/\">The Bitcoin Event<\/a>. He is a <a href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/author\/phil-raymond\">Lifeboat<\/a> board member, editor<\/sub><br \/>\n<sup>at <a href=\"http:\/\/awildduck.com\">AWildDuck<\/a> and will deliver the keynote address at <a href=\"http:\/\/vanquish.com\/as1\/dcs.pdf\">Digital Currency Summit<\/a> in Johannesburg.<\/sup><\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At the heart of Bitcoin or any Blockchain ledger is a distributed consensus mechanism. It\u2019s a lot like voting. A large and diverse deliberative community validates each, individual user transaction, ownership stake or vote. But a distributed consensus mechanism is only effective and faithful if the community is impartial. To be impartial, voters must be [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":353,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1318,1523,1761,39,1522,1412,1629],"tags":[2161,2121,2626,1884,2627,2630,2628,2618,2629,2575],"class_list":["post-34460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bitcoin","category-computing","category-cryptocurrencies","category-economics","category-innovation","category-privacy","category-software","tag-bitcoin","tag-blockchain","tag-c-v-alkin","tag-cryptocurrency","tag-distributed-consensus","tag-distributed-objective-consensus","tag-proof-of-stake","tag-proof-of-work","tag-sybil-attack","tag-transaction-validation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/353"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34460"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49197,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34460\/revisions\/49197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}