{"id":236489,"date":"2026-05-05T02:23:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T07:23:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2026\/05\/physical-exercise-protects-against-toxoplasma-gondii-infection-induced-muscle-atrophy-and-microvascular-rarefaction"},"modified":"2026-05-05T02:23:40","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T07:23:40","slug":"physical-exercise-protects-against-toxoplasma-gondii-infection-induced-muscle-atrophy-and-microvascular-rarefaction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2026\/05\/physical-exercise-protects-against-toxoplasma-gondii-infection-induced-muscle-atrophy-and-microvascular-rarefaction","title":{"rendered":"Physical exercise protects against Toxoplasma gondii infection-induced muscle atrophy and microvascular rarefaction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/physical-exercise-protects-against-toxoplasma-gondii-infection-induced-muscle-atrophy-and-microvascular-rarefaction.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>FNDC5\/irisin detection was performed by a sandwich ELISA reaction using DuoSet\u00ae ELISA Development Systems kit (R&amp;D Systems), according to manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Blood samples were collected at 10 or 40 dpi, allowed to sit for at least 1 h, and then centrifuged for 10 min at 224 <i>g<\/i> in a refrigerated centrifuge (4 \u00b0C) to isolate the serum. Samples were stored at \u221280 \u00b0C until irisin detection.<\/p>\n<p>Serum samples were assayed for TNF-\u03b1, INF-\u03b3, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17a using a Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Th1\/ Th2\/ Th17 kit (BD Biosciences), according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Data were acquired using a Cytoflex S (Beckman Coulter) flow cytometer. After data acquisition, dedicated software (FCAP Array, BD Biosciences) was used to analyze the results by gating bead populations, calculating MFI values, generating standard curves, and determining analyte concentrations. These analyses were performed at the Flow Cytometry Facility of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz).<\/p>\n<p><i>T. gondii<\/i> infection was quantified using RT-qPCR with <i>bag1<\/i> and <i>enolase2<\/i> primers to detect bradyzoite and tachyzoite forms, respectively, according to<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 49\" title=\"Jin, R. M., Warunek, J. & Wohlfert, E. A. Chronic infection stunts macrophage heterogeneity and disrupts immune-mediated myogenesis. JCI Insight 3, e121549 (2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09810-9#ref-CR49\" id=\"ref-link-section-d43794557e1977\">49<\/a><\/sup>. Ct values were compared to a standard curve amplification, derived from known <i>T. gondii<\/i> RNA concentrations. The standard curve was constructed with six 10-fold dilutions, starting with 6.0 \u00d7 10<sup>6<\/sup> parasites for either bradyzoites or tachyzoites. Primer sequences are available in Table <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"table anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09810-9#Tab2\">2<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FNDC5\/irisin detection was performed by a sandwich ELISA reaction using DuoSet\u00ae ELISA Development Systems kit (R&amp;D Systems), according to manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Blood samples were collected at 10 or 40 dpi, allowed to sit for at least 1 h, and then centrifuged for 10 min at 224 g in a refrigerated centrifuge (4 \u00b0C) to isolate [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":427,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,1495],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-236489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotech-medical","category-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/236489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/427"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=236489"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/236489\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=236489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=236489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=236489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}