{"id":230330,"date":"2026-02-02T05:07:01","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T11:07:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2026\/02\/the-contribution-of-the-membrane-bound-complement-regulatory-proteins-cd46-and-cd55-in-phases-of-acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-and-acute-myelogenous-leukemia"},"modified":"2026-02-02T05:07:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T11:07:01","slug":"the-contribution-of-the-membrane-bound-complement-regulatory-proteins-cd46-and-cd55-in-phases-of-acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-and-acute-myelogenous-leukemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2026\/02\/the-contribution-of-the-membrane-bound-complement-regulatory-proteins-cd46-and-cd55-in-phases-of-acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-and-acute-myelogenous-leukemia","title":{"rendered":"The contribution of the membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins CD46 and CD55 in phases of acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/the-contribution-of-the-membrane-bound-complement-regulatory-proteins-cd46-and-cd55-in-phases-of-acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-and-acute-myelogenous-leukemia.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As for decay accelerating factor (DAF); also known as CD55, it is a type I cell surface protein that forms a single chain anchored to the membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). It binds C3b and C4b inhibiting thereby the formation of C3 convertase and decreasing its half-life, thus providing a protective barrier threshold for plasma membranes of normal autologous cells against complement deposition and activation<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" title=\"Nicholson-Weller, A. & Wang, C. Structure and function of decay accelerating factor CD55. J. Lab. Clin. Med 123, 485&ndash;491.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33359-y#ref-CR9\" id=\"ref-link-section-d2021182e721\">9<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\" title=\"Finberg, R. W., White, W. & Nicholson-Weller, A. Decay-accelerating factor expression on either effector or target cells inhibits cytotoxicity by human natural killer cells. J. Immunol. 149, 2055&ndash;2060 (1992).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33359-y#ref-CR10\" id=\"ref-link-section-d2021182e724\">10<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>The role of the complement system in cancer is complicated and has been debated for long. Malignant transformation is generally accompanied by genetic and epigenetic modifications which drastically alter patterns of glycosylation, cell-surface proteins and phospholipids<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 11\" title=\"Hollingsworth, M. A. & Swanson, B. J. Mucins in cancer: protection and control of the cell surface. Nature. 4 (2004).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33359-y#ref-CR11\" id=\"ref-link-section-d2021182e731\">11<\/a><\/sup>. These alterations can be identified by innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that guard the host against cancer development<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 12\" title=\"Pardoll, D. Does the immune system see tumors as foreign or self? Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21807&ndash;839 (2003).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33359-y#ref-CR12\" id=\"ref-link-section-d2021182e735\">12<\/a><\/sup>. This is the known basis of the immune surveillance hypothesis. There is no direct evidence to support the argument that complement is able to eradicate emerging tumors. Nevertheless, taking into consideration that complement is intended for the recognition of non-self-elements, it is assumed that alterations in the tumor cell membranes\u2019 composition render these cells as targets for complement recognition<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 13\" title=\"Dumont, P. et al. Expression of galectin-3 in the tumor immune response in colon cancer. Lab. Investig. 88896&ndash;906 (2008).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33359-y#ref-CR13\" id=\"ref-link-section-d2021182e739\">13<\/a><\/sup>. However, the relationship between inflammation and cancer is complicated and subject to contradictory forces<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 14\" title=\"Ong, S. M. et al. Macrophages in human colorectal cancer are pro-inflammatory and prime T cells towards an anti-tumour type-1 inflammatory response. Eur. J. Immunol. 42, 89&ndash;100 (2012).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33359-y#ref-CR14\" id=\"ref-link-section-d2021182e743\">14<\/a><\/sup>. Therefore, while acute responses are considered a vital part of the defense against cancerous cells, continuous inflammation in the tumor microenvironment increases the threat of neoplastic transformation and has several tumor-promoting effects<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 15\" title=\"Ricklin, D., Hajishengallis, G., Yang, K. & Lambris, J. D. Complement: A key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nat. Immunol. 11, 785&ndash;797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.1923 (2010).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33359-y#ref-CR15\" id=\"ref-link-section-d2021182e747\">15<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>The current study aims at investigating the expression levels of mCRPs; CD46 and CD55 in the acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia and to further elucidate its role in Egyptian cancer patients. To the best of our knowledge this study is one of very few studies tackling the complicated role of the complement system in acute leukemia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As for decay accelerating factor (DAF); also known as CD55, it is a type I cell surface protein that forms a single chain anchored to the membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). It binds C3b and C4b inhibiting thereby the formation of C3 convertase and decreasing its half-life, thus providing a protective barrier threshold for plasma membranes [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":662,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,412],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotech-medical","category-genetics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/662"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230330"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230330\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}