{"id":213178,"date":"2025-05-03T10:10:14","date_gmt":"2025-05-03T15:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/thyroid-eye-disease-graves-orbitopathy-clinical-presentation-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-management"},"modified":"2025-05-03T10:10:14","modified_gmt":"2025-05-03T15:10:14","slug":"thyroid-eye-disease-graves-orbitopathy-clinical-presentation-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/thyroid-eye-disease-graves-orbitopathy-clinical-presentation-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-management","title":{"rendered":"Thyroid eye disease (Graves\u2019 orbitopathy): clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/thyroid-eye-disease-graves-orbitopathy-clinical-presentation-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-management2.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Thyroid eye disease (TED; also known as Graves\u2019 orbitopathy), causes swollen extraocular muscles and orbital fat. Mechanistically, TED involves lid retraction, oedema and redness of the eyelids and conjunctiva, proptosis, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. Investigation of TED involves assessment of disease activity (inflammation) and disease severity. TED is predominantly mild in 77% of cases, moderate-to-severe in 22%, and rarely sight-threatening in 1% of patients. While most patients with TED have Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism, up to 5% are euthyroid or even hypothyroid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thyroid eye disease (TED; also known as Graves\u2019 orbitopathy), causes swollen extraocular muscles and orbital fat. Mechanistically, TED involves lid retraction, oedema and redness of the eyelids and conjunctiva, proptosis, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. Investigation of TED involves assessment of disease activity (inflammation) and disease severity. TED is predominantly mild in 77% of cases, moderate-to-severe [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":662,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-213178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotech-medical"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/662"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213178\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=213178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=213178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}