{"id":208346,"date":"2025-03-11T11:26:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T16:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/pilot-wave-theory-part-3-unifying-waves-and-particles"},"modified":"2025-03-11T11:26:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T16:26:00","slug":"pilot-wave-theory-part-3-unifying-waves-and-particles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/pilot-wave-theory-part-3-unifying-waves-and-particles","title":{"rendered":"Pilot-wave theory (part 3): unifying waves and particles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4\/3; object-fit: contain;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2z8D-NqnBk4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope;\n   picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Buy me a coffee and support the channel: <a href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/jkzero\">https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/jkzero<\/a>.<br \/> Part 3 of the groundbreaking but less-known theory of quantum mechanics proposed by Louis de Broglie in 1923. In this video de Broglie\u2019s unification of wave and particles using his matter waves to show that Fermat\u2019s principle of ray optics is equivalent to Maupertuis\u2019 principle for the dynamics of particles. Although incomplete, this corresponds to the early development of de Broglie\u2019s pilot-wave theory.<\/p>\n<p>\u2218 Pilot-wave theory (part 1): the origin of de Broglie\u2019s matter waves <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YQNEziGyDxU\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/YQNEziGyDxU<\/a><br \/> \u2218 Pilot-wave theory (part 2): explaining Bohr\u2019s atom <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5MMs6iFSiY8\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/5MMs6iFSiY8<\/a><br \/> \u2218 This is how the wave-particle duality of light was discovered <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/f7JvywBOGYY\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/f7JvywBOGYY<\/a><br \/> \u2218 Playlist Quantum Physics <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2218 L. de Broglie, \u201cOndes et quanta,\u201d Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S\u00e9ances de l\u2019Aad\u00e9mie des Sciences (Paris), 177,507 (1923)<br \/> \u2218 L. de Broglie, \u201cQuanta de lumi\u00e8re, diffraction et interf\u00e9rences,\u201d Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S\u00e9ances de l\u2019Aad\u00e9mie des Sciences (Paris), 177,548 (1923)<br \/> \u2218 L. de Broglie, \u201cLes quanta, la th\u00e9orie cin\u00e9tique des gaz et le principe de Fermat,\u201d Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S\u00e9ances de l\u2019Aad\u00e9mie des Sciences (Paris), 177,630 (1923)<br \/> \u2218 F. Grimaldi, \u201cPhysico-mathesis de lumine, coloribus et iride aliisque adnexis\u201d (1665)<br \/> \u2218 I. Newton, \u201cOptiks\u201d (1704)<br \/> \u2218 L. de Broglie, \u201cOn the Theory of Quanta,\u201d translation of doctoral thesis, Foundation Louis De Broglie (1924)<br \/> \u2218 A. Einstein, \u201cQuantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas, Part II\u201d Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 3, (1925) <\/p>\n<p>M. de Broglie, public domain.<br \/> Diffraction half plane with rays, by MikeRun under CC BY-SA 4.0<br \/> Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco via Google Earth.<br \/> Matter Waves, AT&amp;T Archives and History Center (1961)<br \/> Francesco Grimaldi, public domain.<br \/> First edition of Opticks, public domain.<br \/> Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller, public domain.<br \/> Light refraction, by ajizai, public domain.<br \/> Interference pattern, by J.S. Diaz (own work)<br \/> Polarization clamp, by A.Davidhazy under CC BY-SA 4.0<br \/> Light bulb through diffraction grating, by R.D. Anderson under CC BY-SA 3.0<br \/> Davisson and Germer, public domain.<br \/> Davisson-Germer Figure 2, public domain.<br \/> Fifth Solvay Conference, AIP<br \/> Refraction with soda straw, by Bcrowell under CC BY-SA 1.0<br \/> Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, public domain.<br \/> P. Langevin, public domain.<br \/> Peter Debye, AIP<br \/> Portrait of Erwin Schrodinger, AIP<br \/> Eels Swimming in Aquarium by M. Ehlers, free use via Pexels <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/video\/eels-swimming-in-aquarium-10106765\/\">https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/video\/eels-swimming-in-aquarium-10106765\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>AIP: American Institute of Physics, Emilio Segr\u00e8 Visual Archives.<br \/> CC BY-SA 1.0: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/1.0\/deed.en\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/1.0\/deed.en<\/a>.<br \/> CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/deed.en\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/deed.en<\/a>.<br \/> CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en<\/a>.<br \/> CC BY-SA 4.0: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buy me a coffee and support the channel: https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/jkzero. Part 3 of the groundbreaking but less-known theory of quantum mechanics proposed by Louis de Broglie in 1923. In this video de Broglie\u2019s unification of wave and particles using his matter waves to show that Fermat\u2019s principle of ray optics is equivalent to Maupertuis\u2019 principle for [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":661,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,1617],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-particle-physics","category-quantum-physics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/661"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208346\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}