{"id":202561,"date":"2024-12-27T12:21:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T18:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2024\/12\/gdf-15-as-a-proxy-for-epigenetic-aging-associations-with-biological-age-markers-and-physical-function"},"modified":"2024-12-27T12:21:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T18:21:24","slug":"gdf-15-as-a-proxy-for-epigenetic-aging-associations-with-biological-age-markers-and-physical-function","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2024\/12\/gdf-15-as-a-proxy-for-epigenetic-aging-associations-with-biological-age-markers-and-physical-function","title":{"rendered":"GDF-15 as a proxy for epigenetic aging: associations with biological age markers, and physical function"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/gdf-15-as-a-proxy-for-epigenetic-aging-associations-with-biological-age-markers-and-physical-function2.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, GDF-15 levels have been positively associated with the aging process. In fact, Tanaka <i>et al.<\/i> (Tanaka <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2018\" title=\"Tanaka T, Biancotto A, Moaddel R, Moore AZ, Gonzalez-Freire M, Aon MA, Candia J, Zhang P, Cheung F, Fantoni G et al (2018) Plasma proteomic signature of age in healthy humans. Aging Cell 17:1&ndash;13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.12799 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR47\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e590\">2018<\/a>) showed that this cytokine had the strongest positive correlation with age in humans, and several reports describe higher levels of GDF-15 in older individuals (Semba <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2020\" title=\"Semba RD, Gonzalez-Freire M, Tanaka T, Biancotto A, Zhang P, Shardell M, Moaddel R, Ferrucci L (2020) Elevated plasma growth and differentiation factor 15 Is associated with slower gait speed and lower physical performance in healthy community-dwelling adults. J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci 75:175&ndash;180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glz071 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR46\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e593\">2020<\/a>; Doerstling <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2018\" title=\"Doerstling S, Hedberg P, \u00d6hrvik J, Leppert J, Henriksen E (2018) Growth differentiation factor 15 in a community-based sample: age-dependent reference limits and prognostic impact. Ups J Med Sci 123:86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03009734.2018.1460427 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR10\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e596\">2018<\/a>; Liu <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2020\" title=\"Liu H, Huang Y, Lyu Y, Dai W, Tong Y, Li Y (2020) GDF-15 as a biomarker of aging. Exp Gerontol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-30717\/v1 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR28\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e599\">2020<\/a>). Aging is characterized by a decline in physiological function and changes in body composition, being a major risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases. As such, GDF-15 is also associated with several age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease (Echouffo-Tcheugui <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2021\" title=\"Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Daya N, Matsushita K, Wang D, Ndumele CE, Al Rifai M, Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM, Selvin E (2021) Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and cardiometabolic outcomes among older adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Clin Chem 67:653&ndash;661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa332 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR11\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e602\">2021<\/a>), cancer (Wischhusen <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2020\" title=\"Wischhusen J, Melero I, Fridman WH (2020) Growth\/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15): from biomarker to novel targetable immune checkpoint. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00951 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR51\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e606\">2020<\/a>), metabolic syndrome (Ho <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2023\" title=\"Ho LC, Wu HT, Hung HC, Chou HW, Cheng KP, Lin CH, Wang CC, Ou HY (2023) Growth differentiation factor-15 is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia in non-elderly subjects. BioFactors 49:119&ndash;126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.1871 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR16\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e609\">2023<\/a>; Carballo-Casla <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2022\" title=\"Carballo-Casla A, Garc\u00eda-Esquinas E, Bu\u00f1o-Soto A, Struijk EA, L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda E, Rodr\u00edguez-Artalejo F, Ortol\u00e1 R (2022) Metabolic syndrome and growth differentiation factor 15 in older adults. Geroscience 44:867&ndash;880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-021-00370-w \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR5\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e612\">2022<\/a>), or diabetes (Ouyang <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2020\" title=\"Ouyang J, Isnard S, Lin J, Fombuena B, Peng X, Chen Y, Routy JP (2020) GDF-15 as a weight watcher for diabetic and non-diabetic people treated with metformin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.581839 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR41\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e615\">2020<\/a>; Merchant <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2023\" title=\"Merchant RA, Chan YH, Duque G (2023) GDF-15 Is associated with poor physical function in prefrail older adults with diabetes. J Diabetes Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/2519128 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR34\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e618\">2023<\/a>), among others (Candia <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2021\" title=\"di Candia AM, de Avila DX, Moreira GR, Villacorta H, Maisel AS (2021) Growth differentiation factor-15, a novel systemic biomarker of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular aging: potential role in cardiovascular diseases. Am Heart J Plus 9:100046\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR9\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e621\">2021<\/a>; Iglesias <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2023\" title=\"Iglesias P, Silvestre RA, D\u00edez JJ (2023) Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in endocrinology. Endocrine 81:419\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR20\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e625\">2023<\/a>). In addition, it has been proposed as a biomarker for the risk of death in patients with cardiovascular conditions and an accurate all-cause mortality marker (Candia <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2021\" title=\"di Candia AM, de Avila DX, Moreira GR, Villacorta H, Maisel AS (2021) Growth differentiation factor-15, a novel systemic biomarker of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular aging: potential role in cardiovascular diseases. Am Heart J Plus 9:100046\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR9\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e628\">2021<\/a>; Iglesias <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2023\" title=\"Iglesias P, Silvestre RA, D\u00edez JJ (2023) Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in endocrinology. Endocrine 81:419\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR20\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e631\">2023<\/a>; Nopp <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2021\" title=\"Nopp S, K\u00f6nigsbr\u00fcgge O, Kraemmer D, Pabinger I, Ay C (2021) Growth differentiation factor-15 predicts major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Intern Med 88:35&ndash;42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.02.011 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR40\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e634\">2021<\/a>). GDF-15 has also been positively associated with deteriorated muscle function and sarcopenia (Semba <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2020\" title=\"Semba RD, Gonzalez-Freire M, Tanaka T, Biancotto A, Zhang P, Shardell M, Moaddel R, Ferrucci L (2020) Elevated plasma growth and differentiation factor 15 Is associated with slower gait speed and lower physical performance in healthy community-dwelling adults. J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci 75:175&ndash;180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glz071 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR46\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e637\">2020<\/a>; Kim <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2022\" title=\"Kim M, Walston JD, Won CW (2022) Associations between elevated growth differentiation factor-15 and sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci 77:770&ndash;780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glab201 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR24\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e640\">2022<\/a>, <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2020\" title=\"Kim H, Kim KM, Kang MJ, Lim S (2020) Growth differentiation factor-15 as a biomarker for sarcopenia in aging humans and mice. Exp Gerontol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111115 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR23\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e644\">2020<\/a>; Nakajima <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2019\" title=\"Nakajima T, Shibasaki I, Sawaguchi T, Haruyama A, Kaneda H, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Arikawa T, Obi S, Sakuma M et al (2019) Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker of muscle wasting and renal dysfunction in preoperative cardiovascular surgery patients. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8101576 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR38\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e647\">2019<\/a>; Lee <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2022\" title=\"Lee SH, Lee JY, Lim KH, Lee YS, Koh JM (2022) Associations between plasma growth and differentiation factor-15 with aging phenotypes in muscle, adipose tissue, and bone. Calcif Tissue Int 110:236&ndash;243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-021-00912-6 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR26\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e650\">2022<\/a>), a highly prevalent condition among the elderly that increases the risk of frailty (Picca <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2020\" title=\"Picca A, Calvani R, Cesari M, Landi F, Bernabei R, Coelho-J\u00fanior HJ, Marzetti E (2020) Biomarkers of physical frailty and sarcopenia: coming up to the place? Int J Mol Sci 21:1&ndash;16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21165635 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR44\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e653\">2020<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>It is widely accepted that human aging may be influenced by epigenetic alterations (L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2023\" title=\"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G (2023) Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe. Cell 186:243&ndash;278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR30\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e659\">2023<\/a>). In this sense, age biomarkers based on DNA methylation have proven useful in predicting the risk of age-related diseases and mortality (Fransquet <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2019\" title=\"Fransquet PD, Wrigglesworth J, Woods RL, Ernst ME, Ryan J (2019) The epigenetic clock as a predictor of disease and mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Epigenetics 11:62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-019-0656-7 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR12\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e662\">2019<\/a>). Among several developed epigenetic clocks, DNAm GrimAge has shown a higher prediction capacity of mortality and morbidity risk (Lu <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2022\" title=\"Lu AT, Binder AM, Zhang J, Yan Q, Reiner AP, Cox SR, Corley J, Harris SE, Kuo P-L, Moore AZ et al (2022) DNA methylation GrimAge version 2. Aging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.204434 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR32\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e665\">2022<\/a>). Notably, GDF-15 is one of the markers included for the calculation of this clock (Lu <i>et al.<\/i> <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2019\" title=\"Lu AT, Quach A, Wilson JG, Reiner AP, Aviv A, Raj K, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Li Y, Stewart JD et al (2019) DNA methylation grimage strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan. Aging 11:303&ndash;327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.101684 \" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10165-z#ref-CR31\" id=\"ref-link-section-d695772490e668\">2019<\/a>). Thus, understanding the interplay between GDF-15 and aging can be crucial for improving the assessment of and management of age-associated conditions.<\/p>\n<p>For all this, the aim of this study was to characterize the changes in circulating GDF-15 levels with age in a population of healthy individuals from the Balearic Islands and investigate its potential associations with different epigenetic and biological clocks, physical performance and other age-related biomarkers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Furthermore, GDF-15 levels have been positively associated with the aging process. In fact, Tanaka et al. (Tanaka et al. 2018) showed that this cytokine had the strongest positive correlation with age in humans, and several reports describe higher levels of GDF-15 in older individuals (Semba et al. 2020; Doerstling et al. 2018; Liu et al. [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":662,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,412,269],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-202561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotech-medical","category-genetics","category-life-extension"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/662"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=202561"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202561\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=202561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=202561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=202561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}