{"id":168602,"date":"2023-07-29T12:23:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2023\/07\/positive-effect-of-inaudible-high-frequency-components-of-sounds-on-glucose-tolerance-a-quasi-experimental-crossover-study"},"modified":"2023-07-29T12:23:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:23:00","slug":"positive-effect-of-inaudible-high-frequency-components-of-sounds-on-glucose-tolerance-a-quasi-experimental-crossover-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2023\/07\/positive-effect-of-inaudible-high-frequency-components-of-sounds-on-glucose-tolerance-a-quasi-experimental-crossover-study","title":{"rendered":"Positive effect of inaudible high-frequency components of sounds on glucose tolerance: a quasi-experimental crossover study"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/positive-effect-of-inaudible-high-frequency-components-of-sounds-on-glucose-tolerance-a-quasi-experimental-crossover-study2.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pseudo or Real?<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>In this study, the FRS condition typically suppressed the increase in glucose levels in the OGTT compared with that in the HCS condition. This tendency was also observed after comparing glucose levels 1 h after glucose loading (Supplementary Fig. <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"supplementary material anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#MOESM1\">S2<\/a> online). The suppressive effect of the FRS condition on glucose elevation was more pronounced in the older age group and the group with high HbA1c. However, it was not evident in the younger age group or the group with low HbA1c. Similarly, this tendency was observed when we divided the participants into two groups: high glucose level and low glucose level by OGTT (Supplementary Fig. <a data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-action=\"supplementary material anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#MOESM1\">S3<\/a> online). These converging findings imply that sounds with inaudible HFC are more effective in improving glucose tolerance in individuals at a higher risk of glucose intolerance.<\/p>\n<p>It is well experienced in daily practice that stress has a significant impact on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Many reports have highlighted stress-induced increases in blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Hackett, R. A. & Steptoe, A. Psychosocial factors in diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 18, 95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-016-0771-4 (2016).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR22\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293\">22<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Kelly, S. J. & Ismail, M. Stress and type 2 diabetes: A review of how stress contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Annu. Rev. Public Health 36441&ndash;462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122921 (2015).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR23\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_1\">23<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Pouwer, F., Kupper, N. & Adriaanse, M. C. Does emotional stress cause type 2 diabetes mellitus? A review from the European depression in diabetes (EDID) research consortium. Discov. Med. 9112&ndash;118 (2010).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR24\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_2\">24<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Dias, J. P. et al. The longitudinal association of changes in diurnal cortisol features with fasting glucose: Mesa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 119, 104698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104698 (2020).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR25\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_3\">25<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Schwartz, M. W. & Porte, D. Jr. Diabetes, obesity, and the brain. Science 307375&ndash;379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1104344 (2005).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR26\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_4\">26<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Nyberg, S. T. et al. Job strain as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 124,808 men and women. Diabetes Care 37, 2268&ndash;2275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-2936 (2014).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR27\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_5\">27<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Kivim\u00e4ki, M. et al. Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 3, 27&ndash;34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(14)70178-0 (2015).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR28\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_6\">28<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Rich-Edwards, J. W. et al. Abuse in childhood and adolescence as a predictor of type 2 diabetes in adult women. Am. J. Prev. Med. 39529&ndash;536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.09.007 (2010).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR29\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_7\">29<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Goodwin, R. D. & Stein, M. B. Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the united states. Psychol. Med. 34509&ndash;520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003329170300134x (2004).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR30\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1293_8\">30<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 31\" title=\"Novak, M. et al. Perceived stress and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A 35-year follow-up study of middle-aged Swedish men. Diabet Med. 30, e8-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12037 (2013).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR31\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1296\">31<\/a><\/sup>. In addition, a large population-based cohort study of Japanese participants reported a 1.22-fold (women) and 1.36-fold (men) increased risk of developing diabetes in individuals with high subjective stress levels compared with those with low levels<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 32\" title=\"Kato, M., Noda, M., Inoue, M., Kadowaki, T. & Tsugane, S. Psychological factors, coffee and risk of diabetes mellitus among middle-aged japanese: A population-based prospective study in the jphc study cohort. Endocr. J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-003 (2009).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR32\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1300\">32<\/a><\/sup>. This indicates that stress management influences the pathological transition of patients with diabetes and the prevention of its onset in healthy individuals or potential prediabetics. However, the effects of stress on individuals, both in type and degree, vary so widely<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Puig-Perez, S., Hackett, R. A., Salvador, A. & Steptoe, A. Optimism moderates psychophysiological responses to stress in older people with type 2 diabetes. Psychophysiology 54536&ndash;543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12806 (2017).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR33\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1304\">33<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" title=\"Crump, C., Sundquist, J., Winkleby, M. A. & Sundquist, K. Stress resilience and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in 1.5 million young men. Diabetologia 59728&ndash;733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-015-3846-7 (2016).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR34\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1304_1\">34<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 35\" title=\"Steptoe, A. et al. Disruption of multisystem responses to stress in type 2 diabetes: Investigating the dynamics of allostatic load. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 111, 15693&ndash;15698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1410401111 (2014).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR35\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1307\">35<\/a><\/sup> that it is practically difficult to study them under experimentally controlled conditions, unlike with pharmacotherapy.<\/p>\n<p>The effects of stress on blood glucose levels are believed to be primarily mediated by neural control from the brainstem and hypothalamus<sup><a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 36\" title=\"Onaka, T. Neural pathways controlling central and peripheral oxytocin release during stress. J. Neuroendocrinol. 16308&ndash;312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0953-8194.2004.01186.x (2004).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR36\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1314\">36<\/a>,<a data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 37\" title=\"Horn, J. P. & Swanson, L. W. The autonomic motor system and the hypothalamus. In Principles of Neural Science (eds Kandel, E. R. et al.) (McGraw-Hill, 2012).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23336-0#ref-CR37\" id=\"ref-link-section-d116690525e1317\">37<\/a><\/sup>. We considered it important to investigate the possibility that acoustic information acting on the hypothalamus and brainstem may have physiological effects on glucose tolerance, independent of psychological effects, rather than primarily reducing subjective stress, which varies considerably among individuals and is difficult to measure objectively.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pseudo or Real? In this study, the FRS condition typically suppressed the increase in glucose levels in the OGTT compared with that in the HCS condition. This tendency was also observed after comparing glucose levels 1 h after glucose loading (Supplementary Fig. S2 online). The suppressive effect of the FRS condition on glucose elevation was [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":692,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-168602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotech-medical","category-neuroscience"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/692"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168602\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=168602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=168602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}