{"id":144827,"date":"2022-08-25T23:25:06","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T04:25:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2022\/08\/polymorphism-in-metal-halide-perovskites"},"modified":"2022-08-25T23:25:06","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T04:25:06","slug":"polymorphism-in-metal-halide-perovskites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/2022\/08\/polymorphism-in-metal-halide-perovskites","title":{"rendered":"Polymorphism in metal halide perovskites"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"aligncenter blog-photo\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog.images\/polymorphism-in-metal-halide-perovskites2.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Circa 2020 This shape changing metal discovery can lead us closer to foglet machines.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA. E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:stephanie.lee@stevens.edu\">stephanie.lee@stevens.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Received 25th August 2020, Accepted 16th November 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are frontrunners among solution-processable materials for lightweight, large-area and flexible optoelectronics. These materials, with the general chemical formula AMX<sub>3<\/sub>, are structurally complex, undergoing multiple polymorph transitions as a function of temperature and pressure. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of polymorphism in three-dimensional MHPs as a function of composition, with A = Cs<sup>+<\/sup>, MA<sup>+<\/sup>, or FA<sup>+<\/sup>, M = Pb<sup>2+<\/sup> or Sn<sup>2+<\/sup>, and X = Cl<sup>\u2212<\/sup>, Br<sup>\u2212<\/sup>, or I<sup>\u2212<\/sup>. In general, perovskites adopt a highly symmetric cubic structure at elevated temperatures. With decreasing temperatures, the corner-sharing MX<sub>6<\/sub> octahedra tilt with respect to one another, resulting in multiple polymorph transitions to lower-symmetry tetragonal and orthorhombic structures. The temperatures at which these phase transitions occur can be tuned via different strategies, including crystal size reduction, confinement in scaffolds and (de-)pressurization.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Circa 2020 This shape changing metal discovery can lead us closer to foglet machines. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA. E-mail: stephanie.lee@stevens.edu Received 25th August 2020, Accepted 16th November 2020. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are frontrunners among solution-processable materials for lightweight, large-area and flexible optoelectronics. These materials, [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":513,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-144827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry","category-engineering"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/513"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=144827"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144827\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=144827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifeboat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=144827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}