Physical reservoir computing refers to the concept of using nonlinear physical systems as computational resources to achieve complex information processing. This approach exploits the intrinsic properties of physical systems such as their nonlinearity and memory to perform computational tasks. Soft biological tissues possess characteristics such as stress-strain nonlinearity and viscoelasticity that satisfy the requirements of physical reservoir computing. This study evaluates the potential of human soft biological tissues as physical reservoirs for information processing. Particularly, it determines the feasibility of using the inherent dynamics of human soft tissues as a physical reservoir to emulate nonlinear dynamic systems. In this concept, the deformation field within the muscle, which is obtained from ultrasound images, represented the state of the reservoir. The findings indicate that the dynamics of human soft tissue have a positive impact on the computational task of emulating nonlinear dynamic systems. Specifically, our system outperformed the simple LR model for the task. Simple LR models based on raw inputs, which do not account for the dynamics of soft tissue, fail to emulate the target dynamical system (relative error on the order of <inline-formula xmlns:mml=“http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink”> <tex-math notation=“LaTeX”>$10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). By contrast, the emulation results obtained using our system closely approximated the target dynamics (relative error on the order of <inline-formula xmlns:mml=“http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink”> <tex-math notation=“LaTeX”>$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). These results suggest that the soft tissue dynamics contribute to the successful emulation of the nonlinear equation. This study suggests that human soft tissues can be used as a potential computational resource. Soft tissues are found throughout the human body. Therefore, if computational processing is delegated to biological tissues, it could lead to a distributed computation system for human-assisted devices.

Engineers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have introduced a universal framework for point spread function (PSF) engineering, enabling the synthesis of arbitrary, spatially varying 3D PSFs using diffractive optical processors. The research is published in the journal Light: Science & Applications.

This framework allows for advanced imaging capabilities—such as snapshot 3D multispectral imaging —without the need for spectral filters, axial scanning, or digital reconstruction.

PSF engineering plays a significant role in modern microscopy, spectroscopy and computational imaging. Conventional techniques typically employ phase masks at the pupil plane, which constrain the complexity and mathematical representation of the achievable PSF structures.

In the world of particle physics, where scientists unravel the mysteries of the universe, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are making waves with how they’re increasing understanding of the most fundamental particles. Central to this exploration are parton distribution functions (PDFs). These complex mathematical models are crucial for predicting outcomes of high energy physics experiments that test the Standard Model of particle physics.

For the past six years, Los Alamos National Laboratory has led the world in trying to understand one of the most frustrating barriers that faces variational quantum computing: the barren plateau.

“Imagine a landscape of peaks and valleys,” said Marco Cerezo, the Los Alamos team’s lead scientist. “When optimizing a variational, or parameterized, quantum algorithm, one needs to tune a series of knobs that control the solution quality and move you in the landscape. Here, a peak represents a bad solution and a valley represents a good solution. But when researchers develop algorithms, they sometimes find their model has stalled and can neither climb nor descend. It’s stuck in this space we call a barren plateau.”

For these quantum computing methods, barren plateaus can be mathematical dead ends, preventing their implementation in large-scale realistic problems. Scientists have spent a lot of time and resources developing quantum algorithms only to find that they sometimes inexplicably stall. Understanding when and why barren plateaus arise has been a problem that has taken the community years to solve.

About a century ago, scientists were struggling to reconcile what seemed a contradiction in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity.

Published in 1915, and already widely accepted worldwide by physicists and mathematicians, the theory assumed the Universe was static – unchanging, unmoving and immutable. In short, Einstein believed the size and shape of the Universe today was, more or less, the same size and shape it had always been.

But when astronomers looked into the night sky at faraway galaxies with powerful telescopes, they saw hints the Universe was anything but that. These new observations suggested the opposite – that it was, instead, expanding.

The technique simulates elastic objects for animation and other applications, with improved reliability compared to other methods. In comparison, many existing simulation techniques can produce elastic animations that become erratic or sluggish or can even break down entirely.

To achieve this improvement, the MIT researchers uncovered a hidden mathematical structure in equations that capture how elastic materials deform on a computer. By leveraging this property, known as convexity, they designed a method that consistently produces accurate, physically faithful simulations.

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are a class of mathematical problems that represent the interplay of multiple variables, and therefore have predictive power when it comes to complex physical systems. Solving these equations is a perpetual challenge, however, and current computational techniques for doing so are time-consuming and expensive.

Now, research from the University of Utah’s John and Marcia Price College of Engineering is showing a way to speed up this process: encoding those equations in light and feeding them into their newly designed “optical neural engine,” or ONE.

The researchers’ ONE combines diffractive optical neural networks and optical matrix multipliers. Rather than representing PDEs digitally, the researchers represented them optically, with variables represented by the various properties of a light wave, such as its intensity and phase. As a wave passes through the ONE’s series of optical components, those properties gradually shift and change, until they ultimately represent the solution to the given PDE.

A meditation on the fundamental trade-offs that define our understanding of nature’s deepest mysteries

Digital twin brains mimic children’s math learning disabilities.

The entire field of mathematics summarised in a single map! This shows how pure mathematics and applied mathematics relate to each other and all of the sub-topics they are made from.

#mathematics #DomainOfScience.

If you would like to buy a poster of this map, they are available here:
North America: https://store.dftba.com/products/map–… else: http://www.redbubble.com/people/domin… French version: https://www.redbubble.com/people/domi… Spanish Version: https://www.redbubble.com/people/domi… I have also made a version available for educational use which you can find here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/9586967… To err is to human, and I human a lot. I always try my best to be as correct as possible, but unfortunately I make mistakes. This is the errata where I correct my silly mistakes. My goal is to one day do a video with no errors! 1. The number one is not a prime number. The definition of a prime number is a number can be divided evenly only by 1, or itself. And it must be a whole number GREATER than 1. (This last bit is the bit I forgot). 2. In the trigonometry section I drew cos(theta) = opposite / adjacent. This is the kind of thing you learn in high school and guess what. I got it wrong! Dummy. It should be cos(theta) = adjacent / hypotenuse. 3. My drawing of dice is slightly wrong. Most dice have their opposite sides adding up to 7, so when I drew 3 and 4 next to each other that is incorrect. 4. I said that the Gödel Incompleteness Theorems implied that mathematics is made up by humans, but that is wrong, just ignore that statement. I have learned more about it now, here is a good video explaining it: • Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem — Numberphile 5. In the animation about imaginary numbers I drew the real axis as vertical and the imaginary axis as horizontal which is opposite to the conventional way it is done. Thanks so much to my supporters on Patreon. I hope to make money from my videos one day, but I’m not there yet! If you enjoy my videos and would like to help me make more this is the best way and I appreciate it very much. / domainofscience Here are links to some of the sources I used in this video. Links: Summary of mathematics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathema… Earliest human counting: http://mathtimeline.weebly.com/early–… First use of zero: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0#History http://www.livescience.com/27853-who–… First use of negative numbers: https://www.quora.com/Who-is-the-inve… Renaissance science: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History… History of complex numbers: http://rossroessler.tripod.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathema… Proof that pi is irrational: https://www.quora.com/How-do-you-prov… and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_t… Also, if you enjoyed this video, you will probably like my science books, available in all good books shops around the work and is printed in 16 languages. Links are below or just search for Professor Astro Cat. They are fun children’s books aimed at the age range 7–12. But they are also a hit with adults who want good explanations of science. The books have won awards and the app won a Webby. Frontiers of Space: http://nobrow.net/shop/professor-astr… Atomic Adventure: http://nobrow.net/shop/professor-astr… Intergalactic Activity Book: http://nobrow.net/shop/professor-astr… Solar System App: Find me on twitter, instagram, and my website: http://dominicwalliman.com / dominicwalliman / dominicwalliman / dominicwalliman.
Everywhere else: http://www.redbubble.com/people/domin…
French version: https://www.redbubble.com/people/domi…
Spanish Version: https://www.redbubble.com/people/domi…

I have also made a version available for educational use which you can find here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/9586967…

To err is to human, and I human a lot. I always try my best to be as correct as possible, but unfortunately I make mistakes. This is the errata where I correct my silly mistakes. My goal is to one day do a video with no errors!

1. The number one is not a prime number. The definition of a prime number is a number can be divided evenly only by 1, or itself. And it must be a whole number GREATER than 1. (This last bit is the bit I forgot).