chemistry – Lifeboat News: The Blog https://lifeboat.com/blog Safeguarding Humanity Sun, 12 Jan 2025 17:14:22 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.1 Researchers Find A Cancer Kill Switch That Could Replace Chemotherapy https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/researchers-find-a-cancer-kill-switch-that-could-replace-chemotherapy https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/researchers-find-a-cancer-kill-switch-that-could-replace-chemotherapy#respond Sun, 12 Jan 2025 17:14:22 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/researchers-find-a-cancer-kill-switch-that-could-replace-chemotherapy

Link :


Imagine a world where cancer treatment doesn’t rely on harsh chemicals or debilitating side effects, but instead harnesses a natural defense mechanism embedded in every cell of our bodies. Recent breakthroughs by scientists at Northwestern University suggest this may soon be a reality. They’ve uncovered a “kill switch” that could change everything we know about cancer treatment, offering a new path that sidesteps the harmful impacts of chemotherapy. But how does this hidden code work, and could it truly offer a more effective way to fight cancer?

Northwestern University scientists have uncovered a powerful “kill switch” embedded in every cell of the body, which may provide a natural defense mechanism against cancer. This kill switch operates using small RNA molecules, known as microRNAs, and large protein-coding RNAs that trigger cell self-destruction when they detect signs of cancer. The key discovery is that these molecules can effectively induce cancer cell death without allowing the cancer to develop resistance, a significant advantage over traditional chemotherapy.

The microRNAs use a mechanism called DISE (Death Induced by Survival gene Elimination) to initiate cancer cell death. DISE works by eliminating multiple genes essential for cancer cell survival, making it impossible for the cells to adapt or become resistant. Researchers found that the most effective microRNAs contain a specific sequence of six nucleotides, referred to as “6mers,” which are particularly toxic to cancer cells. This finding emerged from an exhaustive study where scientists tested all 4,096 possible combinations of these nucleotide sequences, eventually identifying the most lethal ones, which are rich in guanine (G) nucleotides.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/researchers-find-a-cancer-kill-switch-that-could-replace-chemotherapy/feed 0
Combining graphene and nanodiamonds for better microplasma devices https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/combining-graphene-and-nanodiamonds-for-better-microplasma-devices https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/combining-graphene-and-nanodiamonds-for-better-microplasma-devices#respond Sun, 12 Jan 2025 02:25:16 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/combining-graphene-and-nanodiamonds-for-better-microplasma-devices

Microplasma devices are incredibly versatile tools for generating and sustaining plasmas on micro-and millimeter scales. The latest advances in nanotechnology now promise to expand their range of applications even further but, so far, this progress has been held back by the limited stability of some nanostructures at the extreme temperatures required to sustain many plasmas.

In a recent study published in Fundamental Plasma Physics, K J Sankaran and colleagues at the CSIR Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India, overcome this challenge by decorating sheets of graphene with more stable nanodiamonds—that is, diamonds with diameters smaller than about 100 nm—allowing them to endure far more .

This combined material could expand the use of microplasma devices across a diverse array of useful applications, such as sterilizing and healing wounds, analyzing chemicals, and displaying images.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/combining-graphene-and-nanodiamonds-for-better-microplasma-devices/feed 0
How Scientists Are Using Atomic Precision to Supercharge Chemistry https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-scientists-are-using-atomic-precision-to-supercharge-chemistry https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-scientists-are-using-atomic-precision-to-supercharge-chemistry#respond Sat, 11 Jan 2025 11:06:26 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-scientists-are-using-atomic-precision-to-supercharge-chemistry

Bimetallic particles, made from a combination of a noble metal and a base metal, have unique catalytic properties that make them highly effective for selective heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions. These properties arise from their distinctive geometric and electronic structures. For hydrogenation to be both effective and selective, it requires specific interactions at the molecular level, where the active atoms on the catalyst precisely target the functional group in the substrate for transformation.

Nanoscale Engineering and Electronic Structure Tuning

Scaling these particles down to nanoscale atomic clusters or single-atom alloys further enhances their catalytic performance. This reduction in size increases surface dispersion and optimizes the use of noble metal atoms. Additionally, these nanoscale changes alter the electronic structure of the active sites, which can significantly influence the activity and selectivity of the reaction. By carefully adjusting the bonding between noble metal single atoms and the base metal host, researchers can create flexible environments that fine-tune the electronic properties needed to activate specific functional groups. Despite these advances, achieving atomically precise fabrication of such active sites remains a significant challenge.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-scientists-are-using-atomic-precision-to-supercharge-chemistry/feed 0
Electrokinetic rare earth mining technique gets upscaled to industrial levels https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/electrokinetic-rare-earth-mining-technique-gets-upscaled-to-industrial-levels https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/electrokinetic-rare-earth-mining-technique-gets-upscaled-to-industrial-levels#respond Fri, 10 Jan 2025 15:07:04 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/electrokinetic-rare-earth-mining-technique-gets-upscaled-to-industrial-levels

A team of metallurgists and geochemists at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, working with a mechanical engineer from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has improved their previous electrokinetic mining technique by scaling it up to industrial levels. In their paper published in Nature Sustainability, the group describes the changes they made to their system, and the results of testing they conducted at a mine.

Modern technology is reliant on multiple —they are used in EVs, smartphones and computers, for example. Unfortunately, mining such elements is extremely environmentally unfriendly. Huge machines are used to dig dirt and rock from large mines, where it is mixed with water and a host of toxic chemicals in order to extract the desired elements.

The process produces thousands of metric tons of toxic waste. The team in China has been working for several years to develop a cleaner way to extract the elements. It involves generating an electric field underground that coaxes the desired elements closer together and concentrates them, making for a much easier and cleaner separation process.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/electrokinetic-rare-earth-mining-technique-gets-upscaled-to-industrial-levels/feed 0
Photoacoustic spectroscopy approach achieves real-time detection of low gas concentrations https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/photoacoustic-spectroscopy-approach-achieves-real-time-detection-of-low-gas-concentrations https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/photoacoustic-spectroscopy-approach-achieves-real-time-detection-of-low-gas-concentrations#respond Fri, 10 Jan 2025 10:46:47 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/photoacoustic-spectroscopy-approach-achieves-real-time-detection-of-low-gas-concentrations

Researchers have developed a new method for quickly detecting and identifying very low concentrations of gases. The new approach, called coherently controlled quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy, could form the basis for highly sensitive real-time sensors for applications such as environmental monitoring, breath analysis and chemical process control.

“Most gases are present in small amounts, so detecting gases at low concentrations is important in a wide variety of industries and applications,” said research team leader Simon Angstenberger from the University of Stuttgart in Germany. “Unlike other trace gas detection methods that rely on photoacoustics, ours is not limited to specific gases and does not require prior knowledge of the gas that might be present.”

In Optica, the researchers report the acquisition of a complete methane spectrum spanning 3,050 to 3,450 nanometers in just three seconds, a feat that would typically take around 30 minutes.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/photoacoustic-spectroscopy-approach-achieves-real-time-detection-of-low-gas-concentrations/feed 0
Dr. Marcia McNutt — President, National Academy of Sciences — Shaping Culture & Conduct Of Science https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/dr-marcia-mcnutt-president-national-academy-of-sciences-shaping-culture-conduct-of-science https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/dr-marcia-mcnutt-president-national-academy-of-sciences-shaping-culture-conduct-of-science#respond Thu, 09 Jan 2025 19:24:03 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/dr-marcia-mcnutt-president-national-academy-of-sciences-shaping-culture-conduct-of-science

Shaping The Culture & Conduct Of Science — Dr. Marcia McNutt Ph.D. — President, National Academy Of Sciences


Dr. Marcia McNutt, Ph.D. is President of the National Academy of Sciences (https://www.nasonline.org/directory-e…), where she also chairs the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and serves a key role in advising our nation on various important issues pertaining to science, technology, and health.

From 2013 to 2016, Dr. McNutt served as editor-in-chief of the Science journals.

Dr. McNutt is a geophysicist who prior to joining Science, was director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior from from 2009 to 2013. During her tenure, the USGS responded to a number of major disasters, including earthquakes in Haiti, Chile, and Japan, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Dr. McNutt led a team of government scientists and engineers at BP headquarters in Houston who helped contain the oil and cap the well. She directed the flow rate technical group that estimated the rate of oil discharge during the spill’s active phase. For her contributions, she was awarded the U.S. Coast Guard’s Meritorious Service Medal.

Before joining the USGS, Dr. McNutt served as president and chief executive officer of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), in Moss Landing, California. During her time at MBARI, the institution became a leader in developing biological and chemical sensors for remote ocean deployment, installed the first deep-sea cabled observatory in U.S. waters, and advanced the integration of artificial intelligence into autonomous underwater vehicles for complex undersea missions.

From 2000 to 2002, Dr. McNutt served as president of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). She was chair of the Board of Governors for Joint Oceanographic Institutions, responsible for operating the International Ocean Drilling Program’s vessel JOIDES Resolution and associated research programs.

Dr. McNutt is a National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI)-certified scuba diver and trained in underwater demolition and explosives handling with the Underwater Demolition Team (UDT) of the United States Navy and the United States Navy SEALs.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/dr-marcia-mcnutt-president-national-academy-of-sciences-shaping-culture-conduct-of-science/feed 0
Decoding 2D material growth: White graphene insights open doors to cleaner energy and more efficient electronics https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/decoding-2d-material-growth-white-graphene-insights-open-doors-to-cleaner-energy-and-more-efficient-electronics https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/decoding-2d-material-growth-white-graphene-insights-open-doors-to-cleaner-energy-and-more-efficient-electronics#respond Thu, 09 Jan 2025 09:38:20 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/decoding-2d-material-growth-white-graphene-insights-open-doors-to-cleaner-energy-and-more-efficient-electronics

A breakthrough in decoding the growth process of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a 2D material, and its nanostructures on metal substrates could pave the way for more efficient electronics, cleaner energy solutions and greener chemical manufacturing, according to new research from the University of Surrey published in the journal Small.

Only one atom thick, hBN—often nicknamed “white graphene”—is an ultra-thin, super-resilient material that blocks electrical currents, withstands extreme temperatures and resists chemical damage. Its unique versatility makes it an invaluable component in , where it can protect delicate microchips and enable the development of faster, more efficient transistors.

Going a step further, researchers have also demonstrated the formation of nanoporous hBN, a novel material with structured voids that allows for selective absorption, advanced catalysis and enhanced functionality, vastly expanding its potential environmental applications. This includes sensing and filtering pollutants—as well as enhancing advanced energy systems, including hydrogen storage and electrochemical catalysts for fuel cells.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/decoding-2d-material-growth-white-graphene-insights-open-doors-to-cleaner-energy-and-more-efficient-electronics/feed 0
Proximity effect enables non-ferroelectric materials to gain new properties https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/proximity-effect-enables-non-ferroelectric-materials-to-gain-new-properties https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/proximity-effect-enables-non-ferroelectric-materials-to-gain-new-properties#respond Thu, 09 Jan 2025 09:33:59 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/proximity-effect-enables-non-ferroelectric-materials-to-gain-new-properties

Ferroelectrics are special materials with polarized positive and negative charges—like a magnet has north and south poles—that can be reversed when external electricity is applied. The materials will remain in these reversed states until more power is applied, making them useful for data storage and wireless communication applications.

Now, turning a non-ferroelectric material into one may be possible simply by stacking it with another ferroelectric material, according to a team led by scientists from Penn State who demonstrated the phenomenon, called proximity ferroelectricity.

The discovery offers a new way to make without modifying their chemical formulation, which commonly degrades several useful properties. This has implications for next-generation processors, optoelectronics and quantum computing, the scientists said. The researchers published their findings in the journal Nature.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/proximity-effect-enables-non-ferroelectric-materials-to-gain-new-properties/feed 0
How a single nitrogen atom could transform the future of drug discovery https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-a-single-nitrogen-atom-could-transform-the-future-of-drug-discovery https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-a-single-nitrogen-atom-could-transform-the-future-of-drug-discovery#respond Wed, 08 Jan 2025 13:22:26 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-a-single-nitrogen-atom-could-transform-the-future-of-drug-discovery

Researchers at the University of Oklahoma have developed a breakthrough method of adding a single nitrogen atom to molecules, unlocking new possibilities in drug research and development. Now published in the journal Science, this research is already gaining international attention from drug manufacturers.

Nitrogen atoms and nitrogen-containing chemical structures, called heterocycles, play a pivotal role in medicinal chemistry and . A team led by OU associate professor Indrajeet Sharma has demonstrated that by using a short-lived chemical called sulfenylnitrene, researchers can insert one nitrogen atom into bioactive molecules and transform them into new pharmacophores that are useful for making drugs.

This process is called skeletal editing and takes inspiration from Sir Derek Barton, the recipient of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/how-a-single-nitrogen-atom-could-transform-the-future-of-drug-discovery/feed 0
Polymer-based network gives artificial cells a life-like cytoskeleton https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/polymer-based-network-gives-artificial-cells-a-life-like-cytoskeleton https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/polymer-based-network-gives-artificial-cells-a-life-like-cytoskeleton#respond Wed, 08 Jan 2025 08:29:56 +0000 https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/polymer-based-network-gives-artificial-cells-a-life-like-cytoskeleton

Just like your body has a skeleton, every cell in your body has a skeleton—a cytoskeleton to be precise. This provides cells with mechanical resilience, as well as assisting with cell division. To understand how real cells work, e.g. for drug and disease research, researchers create artificial cells in the laboratory.

However, many artificial cells to date cannot be used to study how cells respond to forces as they don’t have a . TU/e researchers have designed a polymer-based network for artificial cells that mimics a real cytoskeleton, thus making it possible to study with greater accuracy in artificial cells how cells respond to forces.

The research is published in the journal Nature Chemistry.

]]>
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2025/01/polymer-based-network-gives-artificial-cells-a-life-like-cytoskeleton/feed 0