Satyendra Nath Bose FRS, MP ^{[ 1 ]} (/ ˈ b oʊ s / ; ^{[ 4 ] [ a ]} 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics, and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India’s second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1954 by the Government of India. ^{[ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]}

The eponymous particles class described by Bose’s statistics, bosons, were named by Paul Dirac. ^{[ 8 ] [ 9 ]}

A polymath, he had a wide range of interests in varied fields, including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature, and music. He served on many research and development committees in India, after independence. ^{[ 10 ]} .

Microsoft says it has developed an AI system that creates a ‘path to medical superintelligence’ that can deal with ‘diagnostically complex and intellectually demanding’ cases and diagnose disease four times more accurately than a panel of human doctors.

[ https://microsoft.ai/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MAI-Dx-Orche…0x1498.jpg https://microsoft.ai/new/the-path-to-medical-superintelligence/

[ https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22405](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.

“Benchmarked against real-world case records published each week in the New England Journal of Medicine, we show that the Microsoft AI Diagnostic Orchestrator (MAI-DxO) correctly diagnoses up to 85% of NEJM case proceedings, a rate more than four times higher than a group of experienced physicians. MAI-DxO also gets to the correct diagnosis more cost-effectively than physicians.”

AI that thinks like a doctor: a new era in medical diagnosis.

Imagine walking into a doctor’s office with a strange set of symptoms. Rather than jumping to conclusions, the doctor carefully asks questions, orders tests, and adjusts their thinking at every step based on what they learn. This back-and-forth process—called sequential diagnosis—is what real-world medicine is all about. But most AI systems haven’t been tested this way. Until now.

A new benchmark called Sequential Diagnosis is flipping the script.

Conflicting results have been observed regarding changes in synaptic strength in the cerebral cortex during the sleep-wake cycle. This computational study provides a comprehensive understanding and unified framework about synaptic dynamics during the sleep-wake cycle.

We introduce ERNIE 4.5, a new family of large-scale multimodal models comprising 10 distinct variants. The model family consist of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models with 47B and 3B active parameters, with the largest model having 424B total parameters, as well as a 0.3B dense model.

This study reports on self-aggregating injectable microcrystals for administering long-acting drug implants via low-profile needles, a key factor in patient adoption. Microcrystal self-aggregation is engineered through a solvent exchange process to form depots with minimal polymer excipient, demonstrating enhanced long-term release of a model contraceptive drug in rodents.

A new report says that chips made by TSMC Arizona are being sent back to Taiwan for packaging, fulfilling demand coming from the AI markets.

Together, Spirit and Opportunity represented the Mars Exploration Rover Mission (MER)—itself part of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program.

The twin missions’ main scientific objective was to search for a range of rocks and soil types and then look for clues for past water activity on Mars. Each rover, about the size of a golf cart and seven times heavier (408 pounds or 185 kilograms) than the Sojourner rover on Mars, was targeted to opposite sides of the planet in locales that were suspected of having been affected by liquid water in the past.

The plan was for the rovers to move from place to place and to perform on-site geological investigations and take photographs with mast-mounted cameras (about five feet or 1.5 meters off the ground) providing 360-degree stereoscopic views of the terrain.

Sleep supports memory consolidation, but can it also facilitate memory reorganization? This study reveals that N2 sleep, but not N1 sleep during a nap, increases the likelihood of having an ‘aha’ moment about a previous decision-making task, and that spectral slopes of EEG power spectra predict future insights.

Startup Etched has created this LLM-tuned transformer ASIC.

The problem concerns the mathematical properties of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations, a system of partial differential equations that describe the motion of a fluid in space. Solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations are used in many practical applications. However, theoretical understanding of the solutions to these equations is incomplete. In particular, solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations often include turbulence, which remains one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics, despite its immense importance in science and engineering.