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Archive for the ‘neuroscience’ category: Page 27

Nov 14, 2023

Studies identify novel underpinnings of genetic ALS

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics, neuroscience

A pair of studies from the laboratory of Evangelos Kiskinis, Ph.D., associate professor in the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology’s Division of Neuromuscular Disease and of Neuroscience, have uncovered novel cellular mechanisms that are involved in two types of genetic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS.

The findings, published in Science Advances and Cell Reports, improve the understanding of ALS, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that attacks in the brain and , and provides support for the future development of targeted therapies.

An estimated 32,000 individuals are currently living with ALS in the U.S., according to the Les Turner ALS Foundation. There are two types of ALS: sporadic (non-genetic), which makes up more than 90% of all ALS cases, and familial (genetic).

Nov 13, 2023

New drug-like molecule extends lifespan, ameliorates pathology in worms and boosts function in mammalian muscle cells

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, life extension, neuroscience

Having healthy mitochondria, the organelles that produce energy in all our cells, usually portends a long healthy life whether in humans or in C. elegans, a tiny, short-lived nematode worm often used to study the aging process.

Researchers at the Buck Institute have identified a new drug-like molecule that keeps mitochondria healthy via mitophagy, a process that removes and recycles damaged mitochondria in multicellular organisms. The compound, dubbed MIC, is a that extended lifespan in C. elegans, ameliorated pathology in neurodegenerative disease models of C. elegans, and improved mitochondrial function in mouse muscle cells. Results are published in the November 13, 2023, edition of Nature Aging.

Defective mitophagy is implicated in many age-related diseases. It’s tied to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s; it plays a role in cardiovascular diseases including heart failure; it influences metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes; it is implicated in muscle wasting and sarcopenia and has a complex relationship with cancer progression.

Nov 13, 2023

Revolutionary Gene Therapy Tackles Parkinson’s at Its Source: Promising Results in Primates

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

Scientists from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) within the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), along with their partners, have designed a targeted gene therapy approach to mitigate the primary motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in both rodents and nonhuman primates.

The study was recently published in the journal Cell.

Parkinson’s disease, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population, affecting more than 6 million people worldwide.

Nov 13, 2023

Online dynamical learning and sequence memory with neuromorphic nanowire networks

Posted by in categories: nanotechnology, neuroscience

Designing efficient neuromorphic systems based on nanowire networks remains a challenge. Here, Zhu et al. demonstrate brain-inspired learning and memory of spatiotemporal features using nanowire networks capable of MNIST handwritten digit classification and a novel sequence memory task performed in an online manner.

Nov 13, 2023

Mind Mapping: A Human Brain Cell Atlas Ushering In “A New Era in Brain Science”

Posted by in categories: mapping, neuroscience, science

The new research, part of the NIH BRAIN Initiative, paves the way toward treating, preventing, and curing brain disorders.

Salk Institute researchers, as part of a larger collaboration with research teams around the world, analyzed more than half a million brain cells from three human brains to assemble an atlas of hundreds of cell types that make up a human brain in unprecedented detail.

The research, published in a special issue of the journal Science on October 13, 2023, is the first time that techniques to identify brain cell subtypes originally developed and applied in mice have been applied to human brains.

Nov 13, 2023

Brain’s Recycling System: Researchers Unlock the Secret to Neuron Renewal

Posted by in categories: biological, neuroscience, sustainability

Researchers at Auburn University have achieved a groundbreaking discovery, illuminating the process by which brain cells efficiently replace older proteins. This process is essential for maintaining effective neural communication and optimal cognitive function.

The findings were published on November 6 in the prestigious journal, Frontiers in Cell Development and Biology. The study, entitled “Recently Recycled Synaptic Vesicles Use Multi-Cytoskeletal Transport and Differential Presynaptic Capture Probability to Establish a Retrograde Net Flux During ISVE in Central Neurons,” explains the transportation and recycling of older proteins in brain cells.

Nov 13, 2023

Mind-Body Link Exposed: Unraveling the Physical Costs of Mental Disorders

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience

Psychiatric patients almost twice as likely to have multiple physical ailments – new study.

A new study, conducted by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) in collaboration with the University of Cambridge’s Biomedical Research Centre, has revealed significant findings about the physical health of psychiatric patients. This extensive analysis incorporated data from 19 different studies, involving 194,123 psychiatric patients globally, and compared them to 7,660,590 individuals in control groups.

Findings on Multimorbidity.

Nov 12, 2023

Maternal metabolic conditions linked to children’s neurodevelopmental risks, study shows

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

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Study investigates how maternal metabolic conditions like pregestational diabetes, gestational diabetes, and obesity mediate the risk of neurodevelopmental conditions in children. It highlights the significant role of obstetric and neonatal complications in this relationship, emphasizing the need for managing these complications to mitigate children’s risk of developing conditions like ADHD and autism.

Nov 12, 2023

Cancer Vaccine Created via CRISPR Prevents and Stops Brain Tumors

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

New vaccine for deadly brain cancer glioblastoma created with CRISPR-Cas9.

Nov 12, 2023

Your mental dictionary is part of what makes you unique − here’s how your brain stores and retrieves words

Posted by in category: neuroscience

Most people can draw from tens of thousands of words in their memory within milliseconds. Studying this process can improve language disorder treatment and appreciation of the gift of communication.

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